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Medically reviewed by Dr. Sarah Jenkins, MD, FACAAI

Verified Reviewer

Board Certified Allergist & Immunologist · Clinical Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Stanford University School of Medicine

Updated March 2026·Annual review cycle

Our editorial process: All content on WhatAreAllergies.com is written by medical writers and reviewed by board-certified allergists and immunologists. We follow ACAAI, AAAAI, WAO, and ARIA clinical guidelines. Content is updated on an annual review cycle or when major guidelines change. We do not accept advertising influence on editorial content. Read our editorial policy →

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It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician, allergist, or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

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About the Medical Team

Medical Review

Dr. Sarah Jenkins, MD, FACAAI

Board Certified Allergist & Immunologist

Clinical Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Stanford University School of Medicine

Written by

Dr. Michael Chen, MD, PhD

Clinical Immunologist & Researcher

Translational Immunology, Biologic Therapies

Johns Hopkins University

All contributors hold active board certification in allergy, immunology, or a related specialty. View full credentials →

Medical References & Citations

1
guideline2006
Sampson HA, et al. "Second symposium on the definition and management of anaphylaxis: Summary report" — Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
View source
2
database2025
American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) "Allergy Facts and Figures" — ACAAI Clinical Resources.
View source
3
review2025
World Allergy Organization (WAO) "White Book on Allergy — 2025 Update" — World Allergy Organization.
View source
4
guideline2024
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) "Clinical Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Food Allergy" — National Institutes of Health.
View source
5
guideline2024
Muraro A, et al. "EAACI food allergy and anaphylaxis guidelines: Diagnosis and management of food allergy" — Allergy — European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

This content reflects clinical guidelines current as of the last review date shown above. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for personalized medical advice.